16 February 2016

CHAPTER 7 STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION - DATABASES.

* Learning Outcomes
7.1 Define the fundamental concepts of the relational database mode.
7.2 Evaluate the advantage of the relational database model.
7.3 Compare relational integrity constraints and business-critical integrity constraints
7.4 Describe the benefits of a data driven web site.
7.5 Describe the two primary methods for integrating information. 
  1. RELATIONAL DATABASES FUNDAMENTALS.
  • Information is everywhere in an organization.
  • Information is stored in databases.
A database maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transaction), people (employees) and place (warehouses).
  • Database models include;
> Hierarchical database model is information is organized into tree-like structure that allows repeating information using parent/child relationships in such a way that it cannot have too many relationships.
> The network database model is a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships.
> The relational database model is a type of database that stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables.

Hierarchical Structure
Network Structure
Relational Structure
 3. ENTITIES AND ATTRIBUTES.
  • A entity in the relational database model is a person, place, thing, transaction or event about which information is stored.
  • Attributes called fields or columns are characteristics or properties of an entity class.
4.  KEYS AND RELATIONSHIP.
  • A primary key is a field (group/fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table.
  • A foreign key is a primary key of one table that appears as an attributes in another table and acts to provide a logical relationships between the two tables.
  



5. RELATIONAL DATABASE ADVANTAGES
  • Databases advantages from a business perspective include;
  1. Increased Flexibility.
  2. Increased scability and performance.
  3. Reduced Information Redundancy.
  4. Increased Information Integrity (Quality)
  5. Increased Information Security.






6. DATABASES MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
  • A database management systems (DBMS) is software through which users and application programs interact with a database.

7. DATA DRIVEN WEB SITES
  • A data-driven website is an interactive website keep constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its costumer through the use of a database.
  • Data Driven Web Sites Business Advantages.
  1. Development : Allows the website owner to make changes any time
  2. Content management;  A static website requires a programmer to make updates.
  3. Future expandability; Having a data-driven website enables the site to grow faster than would be possible with a static site.
  4. Minimizing human error .
  5. Cutting production and update costs.
  6. More efficient.
  7. Improved stability.

  • Data Driven Business Intelligence.
  • Integrating Information among Multiple Databases.

An integration allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other.

> A forward integration takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream processes.
 > A backward integration - takes information entered into a given systems and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes.




> Without integration, an organization will;
  • Spend considerable time entering the same info in multiple system.
  • Suffer from the low quality and inconsistency typically embedded in redundant info.


niaathirah xx

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